Independent vs. Dependent Latent Variables in SEM Model

Independent variables (also called exogenous variables) are the constructs that influence another variable. Dependent variables (called endogenous variables) are constructs influenced by independent variables.

Figure 1.6

Source: Thakkar, J.J. (2020). “Procedural Steps in Structural Equation Modelling”. In: Structural Equation Modelling. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 285. Springer, Singapore.