Umberto Eco was one of these professors. In 1977, just before he became famous for The Name of the Rose, he wrote a small handbook to help struggling students. How to Write a Thesis has been in print for over 40 years. Used and beloved by generations of students
Writing and publishing journal articles are essential aspects of a successful scientific career. Unfortunately, many scientists find the process of communicating about their work intimidating and confusing. Now in its eighth edition, How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper teaches how to apply clear focus,
The book of Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners integrates various quantitative and qualitative methodologies into eight practice-based-steps, providing lots of examples throughout to link theory with practice. Written specifically for students with no previous experience of research and research methodology, the writing style is
A thesis is a typewritten manuscript, usually 100 to 400 pages in length, in which the student addresses
There are two ways to write a thesis that is useful after graduation. A student can write a
1. THE SCOPE OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING The term scientific writing commonly denotes the reporting of original research in
1. THE EARLY HISTORY Human beings have been able to communicate for thousands of years. Yet scientific communication
1. WHY DECIDE EARLY, WHY DECIDE WELL Too often, authors write scientific papers and then consider where to
Stata is a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp. The name Stata is a syllabic abbreviation of the
SPSS means “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” and was first launched in 1968. Since SPSS was acquired by IBM in 2009,
AMOS is statistical software and it stands for analysis of a moment structures. AMOS is an added SPSS module, and is specially
Running any business is a matter of much dedication, strategy planning as well as having an eye for detail. With proper coordination of your ideas, you can ensure that the company thrives. There are different kinds of business. While some are termed as start-ups, and the others are called entrepreneurship.
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Economics of the Firm focuses on the economic issues and problems related to business organization, management, and strategy. Issues and problems include: an explanation of why corporate firms emerge and exist; why they expand: horizontally, vertically and spacially; the role of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship; the significance of organizational structure; the
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In the field of management, a firm strategy is a comprehensive plan to achieve its goals in the face of these conditions. Strategy defines how a firm will achieve long-term success. Strategy is defined as “the determination of the basic long-term goals of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses
Human resource management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective management of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive advantage. It is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer’s strategic objectives. Human resource management is primarily concerned with the management of people
Corporate Marketing refers to activities a company undertakes to promote the buying or selling of a product, service, or good. It is one of the primary components of business management and commerce. Marketers can direct their product to other businesses (B2B marketing) or directly to consumers (B2C marketing). Regardless of
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Sales management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of sales techniques and the management of a firm’s sales operations. It is an important business function as net sales through the sale of products and services and resulting profit drive most commercial business. These are also typically the goals and performance indicators of sales management. Sales manager is the typical title of someone
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Retail Management is the process which helps the customers to procure the desired merchandise form the retail stores for their personal use. It includes all the steps required to bring the customers into the store and fulfill their buying needs. Such management saves time and ensures the customers easily locate
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Production Management, also called operations management, refers to the application of management principles to the production function in a factory. In other words, it involves application of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the production process. Its techniques are employed in service as well as in manufacturing industries. It is a
Quality management is a recent phenomenon but important for an organization. Civilizations that supported the arts and crafts allowed clients to choose goods meeting higher quality standards rather than normal goods. In societies where arts and crafts are the responsibility of master craftsmen or artists, these masters would lead their
International business refers to the trade of goods, services, technology, capital and/or knowledge across national borders and at a global or transnational scale. It involves cross-border transactions of goods and services between two or more countries. Transactions of economic resources include capital, skills, and people for the purpose of the international production of physical goods and
E-commerce (also known as electronic commerce) Business is the process of buying and selling of products or services, making money transfers, and transferring data over an electronic medium (Internet). This network allows people to do business without the constraint of distance and time. There are various types of online business
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Traditional project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and meet success criteria at a specified time. Enterprise project management puts the focus on the enterprise, prioritizing and highlighting its business goals and managing and grouping projects to ensure they meet those broader organizational
Corporate finance refers to activities and transactions related to raising capital for the creation, development and acquisition of a business. It is directly related to company decisions which have financial or monetary impacts. It can be considered as a liaison between the capital market and the organisation. The corporate finance
The stock market refers to public markets that exist for issuing, buying, and selling stocks that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter. Stocks, also known as equities, represent fractional ownership in a company, and the stock market is a place where investors can make investments by buying and selling
Logistics refers to the overall process of managing how resources are acquired, stored, and transported to their final destination. Logistics management involves identifying prospective distributors and suppliers and determining their effectiveness and accessibility. This is the process of strategically managing the procurement, movement and storage of materials, parts and finished
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A supply chain is a network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer. This network includes different activities, people, entities, information, and resources. The chain also represents a series of steps involved to get a product or service to the
Management Information System (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations, and the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from investment in personnel, equipment, and business processes. MIS is a people-oriented field with an emphasis on service through technology. If you have an interest in technology
Definition and principles of corporate accounting Corporate accounting is a process, which systematically and comprehensively records business events and transactions, and translate it into the financial information of the business entity to assist the stakeholders in the decision-making process. In this process, the transactions are identified, recorded, arranged, summarized, simplified
Office management is a profession involving the design, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance of the process of work within an office or other organization, in order to sustain and improve efficiency and productivity. It is thus a part of the overall administration of business and since the elements of management are forecasting and planning, organising, command, control and coordination, the
Corporate management science is the broad interdisciplinary study of problem solving and decision making in human organizations, with strong links to management, economics, business, engineering, management consulting, and other fields. It uses various scientific research-based principles, strategies, and analytical methods including mathematical modeling, statistics and numerical algorithms to improve an
Microeconomics (from Greek prefix mikro- meaning “small” + economics) is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms. One goal of microeconomics is to analyze the market mechanisms that establish relative prices among goods and services and
By definition, a theory of the firm is an analysis of the behavior of companies that examine inputs, production methods, output and prices. This is a microeconomic concept that states that a firm exists and make decisions to maximize profits by creating a gap between revenue and costs. The first elementary examination
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems. A system is a cohesive group of interrelated and interdependent parts which can be natural or human-made. Every system is bounded by space and
Organizational learning theory states that, in order to be competitive in a changing environment, organizations must change their goals and actions to reach those goals.
The hyper-competition theory analyzes the rapid and dynamic competition characterized by unsustainable advantage. It is the condition of rapid escalation of competition based on price-quality
According to resource-based theory, organizations that own “strategic resources” have important competitive advantages over organizations that do not. Some resources, such as cash and trucks,
In transaction cost economics and related disciplines, a transaction cost is a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. A number of different kinds of
An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims. According to the Theory of Organizational structure, organizational
Max Weber (1947) in his classical organization theory exemplified power in an organization through the process of control. Weber related authority to legitimacy, implying that
Decision theory (or the theory of choice not to be confused with choice theory) is the study of an agent’s choices. Decision theory can be broken into two branches: normative one,
Agency theory is a principle that is used to explain and resolve issues in the relationship between business principals and their agents. Most commonly, that
The theory of the visible hand of Alfred D. Chandler determined that it was not the invisible hand of the market that determined corporate effectiveness
Michael Porter proposed the theory of competitive advantage in 1985. The competitive advantage theory suggests that states and businesses should pursue policies that create high-quality
Nelson and Winter argue that an evolutionary theory of organization is a superior description of firm behavior than orthodox views around optimization and that routines
Organizational ecology theory examines how organizational populations change and develop over time through stages of founding, growth, transformation, decline, and death (Hannan & Freeman, 1977,
The behavioral theory of the firm first appeared in the 1963 book A Behavioral Theory of the Firm by Richard M. Cyert and James G. March. The work
A contingency theory is a theory of the firm that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or
In sociology and organizational studies, institutional theory is a theory on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure. It considers the processes by which structures, including schemes, rules, norms, and
Resource dependence theory (RDT) is the study of how the external resources of organizations affect the behavior of the organization. The procurement of external resources
The property rights approach to the theory of the firm based on the incomplete contracting paradigm that argue that in the real world, contracts are
The invisible hand describes the unintended social benefits of an individual’s self-interested actions, a concept that was first introduced by Adam Smith in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, written in
Research methodology simply refers to the practical “how” of any given piece of research. More specifically, it’s about how a researcher systematically designs a study to ensure valid and reliable results that address the research aims and objectives. For example, how did the researcher go about deciding: What data to collect (and what data to
The book of Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners integrates various quantitative and qualitative methodologies into eight practice-based-steps, providing lots of examples throughout to link theory with practice. Written specifically for students with no previous experience of research and research methodology, the writing style is simple and clear and
This book provides refreshing and powerful insights on the challenges of conducting management research from a European perspective. Particularly for someone embarking on a management research career this book will provide valuable guidelines.’ — Ian MacMillan, Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. This comprehensive volume is distinguished by its
Umberto Eco was one of these professors. In 1977, just before he became famous for The Name of the Rose, he wrote a small handbook to help struggling students. How to Write a Thesis has been in print for over 40 years. Used and beloved by generations of students in Europe and beyond,
Common statistics program packages differ considerably in terms of their strengths, weaknesses, and handling. The decision as to which system is the best fit should be made with care. Changing to a new system can result in high costs for things like new licenses and re-training. This article introduces and
Stata is a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp. The name Stata is a syllabic abbreviation of the words statistics and data. The FAQ for the official forum of Stata insists that the correct English pronunciation of Stata “must remain a mystery”; any of “Stay-ta”, “Sta-ta” or “Stah-ta” (rhymes of the three pronunciations of ‘data’) are considered acceptable.
SPSS means “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” and was first launched in 1968. Since SPSS was acquired by IBM in 2009, it’s officially known as IBM SPSS Statistics but most users still just refer to it as “SPSS”. SPSS is software for editing and analyzing all sorts of data. These data may come
Writing and publishing journal articles are essential aspects of a successful scientific career. Unfortunately, many scientists find the process of communicating about their work intimidating and confusing. Now in its eighth edition, How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper teaches how to apply clear focus, good organization, and simple,
