Transformation Process of Personal to Social Knowledge within Organizations

This article focuses on the process of Transformation of Personal to Social Knowledge within organizations, that is developed by Kogut and Zander in their famous article published in 1992 in Organization Science. We begin by categorizing the organizational knowledge into information and know-how. By information, we

Growth of Knowledge of the Firm

This article present the model of growth of knowledge of the firm, that is developed by Kogut and Zander (1992) in their famous article published in 1992 in Organization Science. This model explains what is knowledge, and how it develop within the firm. In the knowledge-based

PEST Analysis of Microsoft in 2021

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation which produces computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the

Risk Assessment for the Shale Gas industry in Europe

The success of shale gas in the US has prompted companies to examine the possibilities of replicating the shale gas production and market in Europe. But in doing so they face various difficulties including issues such as the different geology, the density of European population, the

The downsizing strategy of General Motors

The General Motors Company is an American multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and was the largest in the world for 77 years before losing the top spot to Toyota in 2008. General

Downsizing strategies in pharmaceutical industry

Face to economic crisis, rivalry and rapid technologic evolution, many large pharmaceutical firms adopted the corporate strategy of downsizing by laying off a great number of employees (Essays, 2018). In 2007, because of economic crisis, nearly 80,000 workers lost their jobs; several mergers took place such

Scanning Business EnvironmentSee more

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PEST Analysis of the firm’s external macro environment
09/09/2019

In 1960s, researchers studied model and framework for analyzing the macro-environment in organizational strategy management. Aguilar (1967) studied the tools and techniques of macroeconomic analysis by introducing the ETPS analysis that focuses on Economic, Technological, Political, and Social environment. The last one was upgraded by Arnold Brown into STEP (Strategic

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Strategy FormulationSee more

Office Management
09/02/2018

Office management is a profession involving the design, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance of the process of work within an office or other organization, in order to sustain and improve efficiency and productivity. It is

Corporate accounting
04/02/2018

Definition and principles of corporate accounting Corporate accounting is a process, which systematically and comprehensively records business events and transactions, and translate it into the

Stock Market
28/01/2018

The stock market refers to public markets that exist for issuing, buying, and selling stocks that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter. Stocks, also

Corporate Finance
16/01/2018

Corporate finance refers to activities and transactions related to raising capital for the creation, development and acquisition of a business. It is directly related to

Management Information System
15/01/2018

Management Information System (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations, and the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from investment

Supply Chain and Supply Chain Management
08/01/2018

A supply chain is a network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer. This network

Logistics Management
08/01/2018

Logistics refers to the overall process of managing how resources are acquired, stored, and transported to their final destination. Logistics management involves identifying prospective distributors

Enterprise Project Management
08/01/2018

Traditional project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and meet success criteria at a specified time. Enterprise project

E-commerce Business
07/01/2018

E-commerce (also known as electronic commerce) Business is the process of buying and selling of products or services, making money transfers, and transferring data over

International Business
05/01/2018

International business refers to the trade of goods, services, technology, capital and/or knowledge across national borders and at a global or transnational scale. It involves cross-border transactions of goods and services

Production Management
04/01/2018

Production Management, also called operations management, refers to the application of management principles to the production function in a factory. In other words, it involves

Quality Management
04/01/2018

Quality management is a recent phenomenon but important for an organization. Civilizations that supported the arts and crafts allowed clients to choose goods meeting higher

Retail Management
03/01/2018

Retail Management is the process which helps the customers to procure the desired merchandise form the retail stores for their personal use. It includes all

Sales Management
03/01/2018

Sales management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of sales techniques and the management of a firm’s sales operations. It is an important business function as net

Marketing and Corporate Branding
13/12/2017

Corporate Marketing refers to activities a company undertakes to promote the buying or selling of a product, service, or good. It is one of the

Human Resource Management and Organizational Culture
12/12/2017

Human resource management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective management of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain

Entrepreneurship and Startup
12/12/2017

Running any business is a matter of much dedication, strategy planning as well as having an eye for detail. With proper coordination of your ideas,

Strategy Implementation, Evaluation and ControlSee more

Management ScienceSee all

Corporate Management Science: scope and main contents
09/12/2017

Corporate management science is the broad interdisciplinary study of problem solving and decision making in human organizations, with strong links to management, economics, business, engineering, management consulting, and other fields. It uses various scientific research-based principles, strategies, and analytical methods including mathematical modeling, statistics and numerical algorithms to improve an

MicroeconomicsSee all

Microeconomics: Introduction to Supply and Demand
09/12/2017

Microeconomics (from Greek prefix mikro- meaning “small” + economics) is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms. One goal of microeconomics is to analyze the market mechanisms that establish relative prices among goods and services and

Theories of the firmSee all

entrepreneurship
Theory of the Firm
05/02/2019

By definition, a theory of the firm is an analysis of the behavior of companies that examine inputs, production methods, output and prices. This is a microeconomic concept that states that a firm exists and make decisions to maximize profits by creating a gap between revenue and costs. The first elementary examination

system-network
Systems Theory
04/02/2019

Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems. A system is a cohesive group of interrelated and interdependent parts which can be natural or human-made. Every system is bounded by space and

kiến thức
Organizational learning theory
04/02/2019

Organizational learning theory states that, in order to be competitive in a changing environment, organizations must change their goals and actions to reach those goals.

siêu cạnh tranh
Hyper-competition theory
04/02/2019

The hyper-competition theory analyzes the rapid and dynamic competition characterized by unsustainable advantage. It is the condition of rapid escalation of competition based on price-quality

năng lực động
Resource-based theory
04/02/2019

According to resource-based theory, organizations that own “strategic resources” have important competitive advantages over organizations that do not. Some resources, such as cash and trucks,

transactions
Transaction Cost Economics
04/02/2019

In transaction cost economics and related disciplines, a transaction cost is a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. A number of different kinds of

organizational structure
Theory of Organizational structure
04/02/2019

An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims. According to the Theory of Organizational structure, organizational

power
Theory of Organizational Power
04/02/2019

Max Weber (1947) in his classical organization theory exemplified power in an organization through the process of control. Weber related authority to legitimacy, implying that

business decision
Decision Theory
04/02/2019

Decision theory (or the theory of choice not to be confused with choice theory) is the study of an agent’s choices. Decision theory can be broken into two branches: normative one,

ceo business
Agency Theory
04/02/2019

Agency theory is a principle that is used to explain and resolve issues in the relationship between business principals and their agents. Most commonly, that

Visible-Hand
Theory of the Visible Hand
04/02/2019

The theory of the visible hand of Alfred D. Chandler determined that it was not the invisible hand of the market that determined corporate effectiveness

competitive advantage
Theory of Competitive Advantage
04/02/2019

Michael Porter proposed the theory of competitive advantage in 1985. The competitive advantage theory suggests that states and businesses should pursue policies that create high-quality

Professional Development
Evolutionary Theory of the Firm
04/02/2019

Nelson and Winter argue that an evolutionary theory of organization is a superior description of firm behavior than orthodox views around optimization and that routines

business ecosystems
Organizational Ecology Theory
04/02/2019

Organizational ecology theory examines how organizational populations change and develop over time through stages of founding, growth, transformation, decline, and death (Hannan & Freeman, 1977,

Behavior Business
Behavioral theory of the firm
04/02/2019

The behavioral theory of the firm first appeared in the 1963 book A Behavioral Theory of the Firm by Richard M. Cyert and James G. March. The work

Contingency Theory
04/02/2019

A contingency theory is a theory of the firm that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or

Institutional Theory
04/02/2019

In sociology and organizational studies, institutional theory is a theory on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure. It considers the processes by which structures, including schemes, rules, norms, and

dependency
Resource dependence theory
03/02/2019

Resource dependence theory (RDT) is the study of how the external resources of organizations affect the behavior of the organization. The procurement of external resources

property rights
Property Rights Theory
03/02/2019

The property rights approach to the theory of the firm based on the incomplete contracting paradigm that argue that in the real world, contracts are

Invisible Hand
The Invisible hand of Adam Smith
01/02/2019

The invisible hand describes the unintended social benefits of an individual’s self-interested actions, a concept that was first introduced by Adam Smith in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, written in